E-governance refers to the way of exchanging information and providing services with citizens, business, and branches of government offices using ICTs in order to bring out moral, accountable, responsible as well as transparent government. The basic purpose of e-governance is to simplify processes for all, that is for government, citizen, business etc. at national, state and local level. In short, it is the use of ICT to promote good governance. It connects the implementation of information technology in the government processes and functions so as to cause simple, moral, accountable and transparent governance. It entails the access and delivery of government services, dissemination of information, communication in a quick and efficient manner.
Through the e-Governance, the government services will be made available to the citizens in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner. The three main target groups that can be distinguished in governance concepts are Government, citizens and businesses/interest groups. In e-Governance there are no distinct boundaries. So, the perspective of the e-Governance is "The use of the technologies that both help governing and have to be governed".
E-governance introduces new styles of leadership, new ways of debating and deciding policy and investment, new ways of accessing education, new ways of listening to the citizens and new ways of organizing and delivering information and services.
After the implementation of e-governance into practice, citizens can make contact with the government through electronic means: they can send feedback to government policies and performances. Citizens have rights to access government information and services and e-governance can be employed in sector of government's administration, judiciary and legislation.
E-governance model
E-governance model is also called types of interaction in e-governance. Different types of e-governance model are :
- Government to Government (G2G) : When the exchange of information and services is withing the periphery of government, is termed as G2G model. This can be both horizontal or vertical. Horizontal means interaction between various government entities and vertical means between national, state and local government entities.
- Government to Citizen(G2C) : It is the interaction between government to general people. Here an interface is setup between government and citizen, which facilitates the citizen to access wide variety of public services. In this model people have freedom to share their views and grievances on government policies anytime, anywhere.
- Government to Business(G2B) : This is the model that help the business class interact with the government seamlessly. It aim in eliminating red-tapism, saving time, cost and establish transparency in business environment while interacting with government.
- Government to Employee(G2E) : Government is the biggest employer of a country. The interaction between employee and government to increase satisfaction by using ICT in G2E.
- Easy to access data and information.
- Help to reduce corruption.
- High transparency.
- Reduced overall cost.
- Expanded reach of government to last beneficiary.
- It becomes one portal for delivering government services.
- Since, e-governance reduces the paper work, it helps to improve environment.
- E-government allows citizens to interact with computers to achieve objectives at any time and any location, and eliminates the necessity for physical travel to government agents sitting behind desks and windows.
- There will be no territory boundaries, from any part of world information can be accesses.
- Cost : E-governance requires large amount for developing and implementing
- Inaccessibility : Difficult to access for poor and rural people.
- Hyper - surveillance : E-governance lead to a lack of privacy for civilians as their government obtains more and more information on them.
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